Advances in Barley Breeding for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Crop breeding for high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) or tolerance to low fertilization is thought be an ideal solution reduce the cost, carbon footprint, and other environmental problems caused by excess of fertilizers. As a model plant cereal crops, barley has many advantages, including good adaptability, short growth period, natural stress resistance tolerance. Therefore, research on improving NUE in not only beneficial nitrogen-efficient but will also inform improvement crops. In this review, recent progress understanding barley’s response nutrition, evaluation low-nitrogen tolerance, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping gene cloning associated with NUE, summarized. Furthermore, several biotechnological tools that could used revealing molecular mechanisms are introduced, GWAS, omics, editing. The latest ideas unraveling crops discussed. Thus, review provides better some directions future area.